Feminism Voice in Male Indian Authors

Feminism Voice in Male Indian Authors Feminism Voice in Male Indian Authors Literary works present avant-garde constructs which often become the basis of revolutionary social transformations. They not only embrace in themselves the social, cultural or mythical backgrounds of their native land, but also expose the fragments of alienation present in different segments of human life and its predicament. Literature therefore has always been an effective vehicle of fundamental changes. To a large extent, the popularity of feminist ethics in India has also been generated by the ‘new’ image of women presented by literary writers in their works. The abolition of certain evil practices against women in the preceding centuries had also created a much needed awareness in the society for imparting a better status to women. It was during the British rule in India that many relevant changes were made in order to ameliorate the pathetic condition of women. The Viceroy Lord William Bentik banned Sati in 1829. Social reformers like Raja Rammohan Roy had also sup ported this move. Similarly, remarriage of widows was sanctioned in 1856 and in 1929 a law was passed prohibiting child marriage. The most difficult task in India at that time was to educate women, because only a few women belonging to the families of zamindars were able to receive basic education. Many teachers, as well as social workers, considered it a necessity and started many educational institutions for women. In 1850s Ishwarchand Vidyasagar started many primary schools in the villages of Bengal. Arya Samaj, founded by Swami Dayanand, also propagated women’s education. John Drinkwater Bethune established the first women’s college in India in Calcutta in 1849. In 1851 Jotiba Phule came forward to educate the scheduled caste girls in Poona. Since then there has been no looking back, as women also started clamouring for education for which they had been indifferent for ages. These attempts provided the much needed impetus and Indian woman took a hesitant step towar ds social emancipation. Many great Indian women writers appeared on the scene who represented the educated group of Indian women. Toru Dutt, Cornelia Sorabji, Shevantibai Nikambe, Krupabai Santhianathan and Smt. Swarnkumari Ghosal are some of the prominent women writers of this time.But there are few prominent writers like Rabindranath Tagore and R.K. Narayan , who potrayed women in a different way. Homen Borgchain , Narayan Sanyal , Bimal Mitra, N. Mitra , Prem Chand, Yashpal, Nagar, Ashoka, also wrote about this under-privileged class, critically reflecting the prevailing inhumane practices and atrocities in their work. Though the English prose writing in India was started by Raja Rammohan Roy, the novels of Bankim Chandra and Lal Behari Day are accepted as the first authentic examples of fictional writing in English. Mantagini, the female protagonist of Bankim Chandra’s Rajamohan’s wife (1864), is a woman who values her feelings and affirms her individuality. She re presents those Indian women who protest against conventional mores and break the barriers of self-abnegation and denial. Lal Behari Day’s Govinda Samanta is a realistic novel, which describes the socio-economic changes occurring in contemporary society. Women characters of the novel Aduri, a widow who kowtows to evil practices related with women and Malati, a rebellious woman who is not ready to succumb to the atrocities of her mother-in-law form only a part of the plot which adroitly demonstrates the leap from traditional to modern womanhood. The next generation of writers which appeared just before the Second World War, i.e., in the 1930s, picked up existing social customs and constraints as themes of their work. The first major thrust in Indian English writing came in the mid-1930’s when the big trio R.K. Narayan, Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao appeared on the scene. Their work created an awareness about the emerging Indo-English literature. R.K. Narayan and Bhabhani B hattacharya portrayed modern women protagonists like ‘Rosie’ in Guide and ‘Kajoli’ in So Many Hungers respectively. Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao also delineated sensitive women characters in their novels. R.K. Narayan R.K. Narayan has depicted two kinds of women characters – one group possesses a traditional mind-set, while the other seeks freedom from constricting social norms. The conventional group contains women who are devoted mothers, aunts, grandmothers and wives like the wives of Margayya (The Financial Expert), Srinivas and Sampath (Mr. Sampath) and Natraj. Though R.K. Narayan has portrayed some strong women protagonists, yet in most of his novels women are not treated with equality. Bhabhani Bhattacharya Bhabhani Bhattacharya’s novels possess round women characters who are integral to the development of the plot. His women characters, though somewhat dominated by their male counterparts and patriarchal customs, are still full of life and hope to have a better future. Kajoli in So Many Hungers, Meera in A Goddess Named Gold, Sumita in Shadow from Ladakh are optimistic women. To Bhattacharya, women are a source of strength and thus their contribution is significant not only to their families, but also to their country. Raja Rao and Mulk Raj Anand Raja Rao and Mulk Raj Anand have not taken up the theme of women’s emancipation independently. Their novels concentrate on the socio-economic issues of their times, exposing the harsh facts and realities of life. Feminist issues are only a part of their overriding concerns. However Anand’s protagonist Gauri in The Old Man and the Cow is a fine example of his idea of emancipated woman. Modern age is considered to be the age of feminism. The women in the modern period have crossed the barriers of society. They have proved their equality to their male counterparts. The modern women are not Feminism is a kind of revolt of women against social conventions. Feminine consciousness is, of course, consciousness of females for equality with males. Rabindranath Tagore An attempt has been made to focus on the feminism reflected in Tagores Chitra, NatirPuja and Chandalika in this paper. In good olden days, a womanwas considered as sub ordinate and parasite. She was not independent to lead her life. The rights of woman were completely neglected. Rabindranath Tagore has brought out his women out of the kitchen and placed them in the active stream of life. Feminism in Rabindranath Tagore challenges the traditional view of woman as the weaker sex. Works Cited Betty F. 1984.The Feminine Mystique. A Laurel Book : New York, Betty F. 1984.The Feminine Mystique. New York : A Laurel Book, Dass VN. 1995.Feminism and Literature. New Delhi : Prestige Books, Dwivedi AN. 1987.Studies in Contemporary Indian Fiction in English. Allahabad: Kitab Mahal, Harex SC. 1972.The Fire and the Offering : The English Language Novel of India 1935-1970. Calcutta : Writers Workshop, Harex SC. 1977.The Modern Indian Novel in English. Calcutta : Writers Workshop, Jain Naresh K. 1998.Women in Indo-Anglian Fiction : Tradition and Modernity. New Delhi : Manohar Publishers and Distributors, Juliet M. 1991.Women – The Longest Revolution, From Feminism to Liberation. Schekman : Cambridge,

Patricia MacLachlans Sarah, Plain and Tall :: Patricia MacLachlan Sarah Plain and Tall

Patricia MacLachlan's Sarah, Plain and Tall By telling you the story, Sarah, Plain and Tall, Patricia MacLachlan portrays the importance of family and allows you to see that by through a little bit of hope and wishing your happiness can be fulfilled. She shows you how personal sacrifices occur when forming a successful family. Overall, this book provides insight on how powerful and meaningful family life can be. In Sarah, Plain and Tall the concept of family is the base on which the book is written. The meaning of the word "family" becomes the center of the Witting's world. You learn at the beginning of the story that Anna and Caleb's mother had died after giving birth to Caleb. So when they both learned that Papa placed an advertisement in the newspaper for a wife and received a response they were very excited. "No one spoke when Papa finished the letter. He kept looking at it in his hands, reading it over to himself. Finally, I turned my head a bit to sneak a look at Caleb. He was smiling. I smiled, too" (10). Anna and Caleb had no reservations about meeting this lady they only knew by the name of Sarah. They both yearned to have a mother back in their life again. After Sarah arrives, Anna is very apprehensive that Sarah will not like being in this new place. "I shook my head, turning the white stone over and over in my hand. I wished everything was as perfect as the stone. I wished that Papa and Caleb and I were perfect for Sarah" (21). The Wittings soon try to make their home Sarah's home as well. "I slept, dreaming a perfect dream. The fields had turned to a sea that gleamed like the sun on glass. And Sarah was happy" (37). They soon start to question Sarah's happiness. Sarah often talks about how she longs for the sea, her brother, and her three old aunts. Sarah speaks to Maggie (who had also responded to a newspaper ad) and tells her about her sorrows. Maggie says, "There are always things to miss. No matter where you are" (40). Maggie then shows Sarah how she can relate to her new life by growing her own garden and gaining her independence back by learning to drive the wagon. After learning how to drive the wagon, Sarah decides to take a trip by herself.

Environmental Impact Essay

Sanchez and Hudson opened small pediatric office in Riverside, California is an example of having a dream come true without planning for the future. The building has become too large for the staffing that the Two Doctors /entruenpuers have been in for five years, Records are being lost, and waiting rooms packed medical records systems are overloaded with the possibility of patient’s records getting lost. Long lines cause patients to get in patients and staff to get stressed from their inability to serve their customers. The Two business men are spending most of their time now working on expanding the building hiring staff, talking to community services all important things with the except ion of continuing to fulfill their dream of excellent care for their patients. Sanchez and Hudson have to immediately implement immediate organizational change plan and organize for success. Some steps that could be taken to assist change would be to research other clinics of the same size or Hire a consultant firm. The company should research how the Economic, Political, Techno logical, legal and Social/Culture, Demographic trends impacts their continued growth in the community. There are many ways the company could move forward, they will have to look inside and take a complete inventory of the whole clinic, from the paper, the qualifications of employees, the job description of employees, how many employees will be needed or eliminated. Since cast study says they are busy working on the expansion, it’s safe to assume that they have either found a new location in the community and that they do have the financial backing of the banks and the stakes holders involved during the process. Managing the change for this company will be challenging for all that is involved, so there will definitely have be a Leader chosen to lead the transition team forward and to motivate the team during this time of change. The eight stage model for change used in our class room will be a go example of how Hudson and Sanchez should move forward. The first thing they should do is hire a consulting firm to manage the day to operation of the office. During this will free up Hudson and Sanchez to begin to develop a more in-depth business plan for future operations. The consulting firm will research the company’s operations to see how it can be improved, they will talk to the management team, and (if there is one in place) they will look at staffing and staffing schedules. Also they will talk to the clients to discussion their wants and needs. The consulting firm will also go outside through the community to find out how they feel about new improvements and thoughts of expansion. I had firsthand experience working with a team of consultants during an organization change at the University of Maryland. The team came 6 months before the present organization was to leave and revamped the entire system. The consulted did all of the things mentioned above plus they provided counseling, resume writing, interview procedures, and job search assistant for employees and managers that were not being retained. This consulting team tried to ensure that people remained motivated by holding classes, having lots of one conversation with staff and consistently informing the staff of almost every change that was going too happened before it happened. This would help the Hudson team because of their stress level and insecurities’ about the future of the company would motivate them. The consulting team system works even for the people who will not be retained in the company. Having a consulting team would let them always have a place to go for answers during the change. Using other people to create constructive change can only help team members feel better about the transition that is happening. (www. managing-change. net) when people don’t trust what is happening they become distrustful and resistant to the change which can cause a slowdown of events. Leaders must communicate the need for change widely and how that change will help everyone. Leaders need to be proactive and talk to and listen to what the employees have to say, this will help them feel involved and important doing the process. Researching how the Economic, Political, Techno logical, legal and Social/Culture, Demographic trends impacts their continued growth in the community. The economic trends if expanding the company is feasible at this time, financial concerns of the clients have a direct effect on the progress of the company. Such as what kind of disposable income are available, interest rates, inflation and the unemployment rates? All this reflect on the manner of how the company will received payment for services rendered. If unemployment is too high some previous clients will not be able to afford services, , but if inflation and interest rates drop there would be more money for surgery and other projects that could be done around the building. The political trends could involve official’s policies and the wants and needs of their constituents throughout the community. For instance if Hudson and Sanchez where to offered abortions and it wasn’t an excepted norm in that neighborhood it could cause a political hot spot with people for and against their expansion. At the same time if they offered a service the community badly needed like, free health screenings, of cancer, high blood pressure, or diabetes officials would jump on the brad wagon to help promote the expansion of the organization Technological trends will help identify the different resources available to improve the service given by Hudson and Sanchez. They can see what agencies/companies are using to keep medical records. At one hospital I worked they now keep all records on computer and no paper copies. At another Unit all medical records are stored using cloud technology where all information is sent to another location and pulled up on the computer when needed, which saves time, space and money. Technology can also provide quicker way to set-up appointments, review medicines the doctor has prescribed. Legal trends can help with knowledge about legal actions taken on the patient area; this will provide valuable information about compensation and liability cases. Social/Culture trends will indentify the culture and belief that are the norm in the area of the clinic. All of these trends will help Hudson and Sanchez to develop a better plan for the growth of their clinic and help with the change that will be occurring as they move forward. After the research is done Dr Harold s Resnick of worksystems suggests that there are 10 steps to change management, Confirming the compelling need for change, identifying the boundary conditions, creating the vision of the desired end state, developing the core work processes, defining key roles and responsibilities, modifying the organizational structure, establishing the key performance measure, reviewing system wide tools, develop training that enables performance ,aligning the reward system. http://worksystems. com) His steps correlates with the 8 stage model of planned organizational as outlined in our text manual. T o be successful should follow the procedures outlined in both. Stage one identify the problem Hudson, cannot provide service, they are not happy with the service provider, so this should be communicate to the staff. They should get the feedback from the staff and their feelings. Hudson and Sanchez should provide them with the research they have found. Stage 2 with this knowledge base they can get the consultant team they can get in this case indentify who should be managers, supervisors , team leaders so that they will be involved in the process moving forward. Here they can devise how new policies and procedures will be enacted and who perform what tasks. The consultant team I was involved with spoke to all managers daily to see if the implementation of new policies or procedures where going well or if there was problems. Problems where dealt with immediately. Stage 3.  Develop their Vision what kind of clinic do they want to be now, 5 years, ten years or 20 years from now. Developing a â€Å"Mission Statement â€Å"which is a summary of their Vision will help both the public and staff understand what the company striving for. When they first started it was â€Å"To provide excellent care to children† Now it might be to provide the best care possible children and families of the community meetings with ’. The Vision has to be where they want to take the practice. Stage 5: Empowering the employees to put the vision together and performance to level necessary to reach the goals. One way would be to have daily team meetings, monthly client meetings, and semi-annual town meetings for the whole community to express ideas, complaints and to get know one another better to develop a partnership. Stage 6 when something goes well let the team knows. One example My Shock trauma Team used was to mail Thank You notes to employee’s homes for jobs well done, birthday cards and when the budget allowed gift cards. This made team members feel special, motivated, they enjoy sharing with co-workers and family members. Stage 7.  When one thing is accomplished keep striving for the vision of the big picture. Stage 8 Inspect what you expect, people have a tendency to fall back on the old way doing things once the urgency seems to settle down. It is up the supervisors, manager not to fall bad into the habits of doing things. In closing the main changes I see that Hudson and Sanchez will have to do start their organizational change is Establish a unified set of policies and benefits, intergrate management structure and redefine all reporting relationships Establish best-in- industry cost structures. ross train employees to perform non-crictal tasks, add new computer system or invest in a networking system with other healthcare services in their area. Every new decision will need to be evaluated to determine if it will suit their operation, . All goals should be specific, attainable, realistic and measurable. If Hudson And Sanchez stand firm their company will grow and they will be force in the commun ity for years to come.

Alice Paul Quotes

Alice Paul Quotes Alice Paul is credited as one of the leading figures responsible for the passage of the 19th Amendment (woman suffrage) to the U.S. Constitution. In her honor, the Equal Rights Amendment was sometimes called the Alice Paul Amendment. Selected Alice Paul Quotations When you put your hand to the plow, you cant put it down until you get to the end of the row. I never doubted that equal rights was the right direction. Most reforms, most problems are complicated. But to me, there is nothing complicated about ordinary equality. It is better, as far as getting the vote is concerned I believe, to have a small, united group than an immense debating society. I always feel the movement is a sort of mosaic. Each of us puts in one little stone, and then you get a great mosaic at the end. We women of America tell you that America is not a democracy. Twenty million women are denied the right to vote. The Womans Party is made up of women of all races, creeds, and nationalities who are united on the one program of working to raise the status of women. There will never be a new world order until women are a part of it. My first Paul ancestor was imprisoned in England as a Quaker and came to this country for that reason, I mean not to escape prison but because he was such a strong opponent of the government in every possible way. All the girls planned to start in and support themselves- and you know it wasnt so general then for girls to support themselves.  -About her Swarthmore fellow students While I was at the School of Economics, I met one girl especially, her name was Rachel Barrett, I remember, who was a very ardent worker in the Womens SSocial and Political Union, as they called it, of Mrs. Pankhursts. I remember the first thing that I ever really did [for suffrage] while I was still at the School of Economics. This particular person, I think it was this Rachel Barrett, asked me if I would go out and help her in selling their paper,  Votes for Women,  in the street. So I did. I remember how very bold and good she was and how very timid and [laughing] unsuccessful I was, standing beside her trying to ask people to buy  Votes for Women. So contrary to my nature, really. I didnt seem to be very brave by nature. I remember very well doing this day after day after day, going down to the School of Economics, where she was a student and I was a student and other people were students, and we would just stand out in the street wherever we were supposed to stand, on some corner, with these  Votes for Women. It is what they did all over London. A great many of the girls in all parts of London were doing it. -About her first contribution to the woman suffrage movement,  source Crystal Eastman about Alice Paul: History has known dedicated souls from the beginning, men and women whose every waking moment is devoted to an impersonal end, leaders of a cause who are ready at any moment quite simply to die for it. But is it rare to find in one human being this passion for service and sacrifice combined first with the shrewd calculating mind of a born political leader, and second with the ruthless driving force, sure judgment, and phenomenal grasp of detail that characterize a great entrepreneur. Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. Each quotation page in this collection and the entire collection of Jone Johnson Lewis. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. Regretfully, if the original source is not listed with the quote, it was unavailable.

A Scandal in Bohemia Essays

A Scandal in Bohemia Essays A Scandal in Bohemia Essay A Scandal in Bohemia Essay The way Arthur Conan Doyle sets up the plot helps to create and sustain suspense. In the story, A Scandal in Bohemia, Conan Doyle has used Holmes skills to create a plot in which the readers dont know exactly how the plot is going to unravel. You must not interfere, come what may. You understand? I am to be neutral? To do nothing whatever. There will probably be some unpleasantness. Do not join in. (Quote taken from A Scandal in Bohemia Pg. 25) this is where Holmes doesnt unravel what hes going to do exactly to Watson. In all three of the stories, Holmes doesnt unravel everything he knows to Watson, only when the time is right and Holmes has got somewhere in his mystery will he unravel what he has found out, this creates and suspense. Dr Watson feels the same way as the audience and this is what effects the readers, the audience doesnt know what relevance some stunts pulled by Holmes are. Holmes, with his skill of disguise turns into an old man and hire people to start a fight, this is what interests the audience as when its revealed, the readers are amazed how Holmes though of such a thing to do. When Holmes asks if Watson minds breaking the law, the readers know something thrilling is going to take place. You dont mind breaking the law? Not in the least Nor running a chance of arrest? Not in a good cause Oh, the cause is excellent! Then I am you man. (quote taken from A Scandal in Bohemia Pg. 24) Holmes doesnt explain what hes going to do in detail, the details he gives are vague but is enough information to create and sustain suspense. At this moment, readers may pause and try solving the mysteries themselves. In The Speckled Band when Sherlock Holmes is examining the bedroom, he senses that something is unusual about the room. He states a few points singling them out, the audience want to know what importance the things Holmes points out. Arthur Conan Doyle wanted to drop drop little hints to the readers who were trying to crack the mystery. Theses hints were here to ensure the readers interet, Conan Doyle sustained suspense as the magazines were issues on a weekly basis. The readers are also involved into the story as well, the little hints that Holmes gives, gets the readers guessing. Here are a few quotes taken from The Speckled Band where Holmes feels theres something unusual about the bell pull. Where does that bell communicate with? Why, its a dummy. No, its not even attached to a wire. This is very interesting. You can see now that it is fastened to a hook just above where the little opening of the ventilator is. He sums up the bell pull in two words Very strange! This is a sign in the story where the readers may think that Holmes is getting somewhere in the mystery. He has locked his focus onto a few things, this helps him to deduce how the ladys step-daughter got murdered.

Engineering Ethics Beyond Engineers' Ethics Essay

Engineering Ethics Beyond Engineers' Ethics - Essay Example These concepts are Act Utilitarianism, Rule Utilitarianism, Golden Rule, Rights (Human Rights), moral responsibility ; malpractice, reasonable care, and moral personality. Basart and Serra begin their article by summarizing the main tenets of conventional engineering ethics. Basart and Serra affirm that the conventional engineering Ethics is mostly focused on engineer’s ethics, in other words, engineering ethics is mainly based on giving the engineers the professional directives on the right conduct in their engineering prrofession. Basart and Serra goes on to explain that, since the practice of engineering involves a complex network of interrelationships between the individual engineers, their employers, organizations, and other groups, there is the need to have engineering ethics that would act as a guide for all the â€Å"stake-holders† in the engineering practice/profession. In the conventional engineering ethics, the engineering ethics that we studied in class, the engineer’s ethics and the engineering ethics are taken as one and the same thing. The result of this is a holistic ethics that enables the individual engineers to act responsibly as individuals, and to make good moral judgements on any ethical dilemma that may arise in their complex relationships in the engineering practice/profession. Having articulated the position of the conventional engineering ethics, Basart and Serra critiqued the traditional engineering ethics and stated that the conventional engineering ethics is not the best engineering approach in the modern interrelated world (Basart, and Serra, web). Basart and Serra argue that in the modern world, technology has alienated us from nature, thus leading to new ethical challenges that the conventional engineering ethics does not address. For this reason, Basart and Serra argue that the best approach to engineering ethics in the modern world is constant dialogues, among

Case Analysis of Mattel's China Experience Study

Analysis of Mattel's China Experience - Case Study Example Following the launch, Mattel transformed the toy commerce with the production of talking dolls and toys. Mattel went public in the year 1960 and almost immediately managed to feature among top five hundred largest U.S industrial syndicates. Mattel introduced Hot Wheels in 1968. This was an instant success, second to only Barbie in terms of popularity and sales. Mattel experienced massive recall of a variety of its products manufactured in and shipped from China in 2007. They included toothpaste, automobile tires, dog food, and seafood. CEO Robert Eckert was staring a crisis in the eye and by the time things cooled down, the firm had recalled 19 million toys Chinese manufactured toys. Upset customers threatened to shun Chinese made toys as the recalls elicited concerns over the quality of outsourcing in China. Key Issues In August 2007, Mattel recalled millions of their toys as a result of threatening amounts of lead paint. Mattel had contracted Chinese manufacturers to produce toys o n their behalf, but overlooked the fact that some restrictions enforced in the U. S. were not valid in China. Because Mattel had contracted Chinese manufacturers for 20 years without hiccups, they found no reason to doubt their workmanship in 2007. Definition of the Problem The problem for Mattel was not the recall of the products, but the events, which occasioned the recall. The management neglected the fact that the regulations in China were different for the U.S. Disappointed customers warned of shunning Chinese made toys as the recalls elicited concerns over the toy safety assessment procedure, the quality of outsourcing in China. Alternative Solutions Some effectual plans, which the company may have utilized, include adding-on to and re-innovating their current product lines, stepping up its advertising endeavors in its main product lines and also leadership change. These would steer the company to even greater height in terms of revenues, staff commitment and implementation of safety regulations. Selected Solution to the Problem Apart from being business oriented, leadership should also be a key priority for Mattel. Before Robert Eckert became its CEO, Jill Barad, the former CEO had presided over a period of deteriorating performance in terms of sales and production and many found her management approach unacceptable. Robert Eckert can be credited by bringing steadiness and certainty in addition to introduction of new packaging procedures, among them labeling in various languages to dispatch them to the various destinations. Eckert managed to boost international through globalization. Some of their most distinguished products like Barbie were availed in international markets and did remarkably well. The numerous leadership changes could be party responsible for the recall incident, since every leader had their own approach for making Mattel successful. Some stability in leadership can ensure consistency in performance and stem oversight which may adverse ly affect business. Implementation Some of their Mattel’s most distinguished products like Barbie were availed in international markets and did remarkably well. Simply put, the better the manager, the more engaged the staff. Best leaders supervise the happiest, most engaged, and most committed employees, translating to higher returns and happy clients. Recommendations For Mattel to remain an industry trailblazer, it must utilize leadership skills to